This is honestly something I don’t know much about and it’s tough to really figure it out in the code since the 'groups' sql table which seems to hold these associations is such a common name(ie. if it were a more specific name then could search the codebase to get an idea of where it is used, whether it is even used, and if it should simply be removed). @sunsetsystems may know more on this. If it’s not being used, though, removal sounds like a good idea.
To follow up on this if I do a grep/search for Select.*groups, I at least get some info on this where it is being used in auth.inc and login_operations.php.
And looks like there are some details here on this:
And that function validateGroupStatus() is used in the calendar in some places.
Another way to get another idea of this is by grepping/searching the global disable_non_default_groups , which also provides some insights.
It appears that all this does is theoretically allow users to edit/delete appts if they are in the same group.