I would step back a bit. change the port in launch.json from 9003 to 9000 and do a docker-compose down -v then docker-compose up -d.
Note xdebug.mode is already set to debug in flex, so that should not be needed.
Note that xdebug.discover_client_host will get collect the remote host. So, should not need these additional settings. However, what is your client environment? Are you running browser off a docker instance in your computer, your localhost computer directly, or another computer altogether? After sort this out, there may be good reason to add a client_host setting to allow hard-coding of this if xdebug.discover_client_host will fail in the environment.
Also, I am lazy on testing and just put a breakpoint in interface/globals.php. Then any script including login.php will hit it several times.